İngilizce Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım) Rehberi

Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım), birinin söylediği bir şeyi kendi kelimelerimizle aktarmaktır. Türkçe'de "-dığını, -diğini, -eceğini" gibi yapılarla ifade edilir. Bu konu sınavlarda sıkça karşımıza çıkar ve günlük konuşmalarda da çok kullanılır.

Direct Speech vs. Reported Speech

• Direct Speech (Doğrudan Anlatım): Kişinin sözlerini aynen aktarma.
  She said, "I am tired." – "Yorgunum" dedi.
• Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım): Kişinin sözlerini kendi cümlelerimizle aktarma.
  She said (that) she was tired. – Yorgun olduğunu söyledi.

Zaman Kayması (Tense Shift) Kuralları

Reported Speech'te aktarma fiili (said, told) geçmiş zamandaysa, cümledeki zaman bir adım geriye kayar:

• Present Simple → Past Simple
  "I like coffee." → She said she liked coffee.
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
  "I am studying." → He said he was studying.
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
  "I went to school." → She said she had gone to school.
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
  "I have finished." → He said he had finished.
• Will → Would
  "I will help you." → She said she would help me.
• Can → Could
  "I can swim." → He said he could swim.
• May → Might
  "I may come." → She said she might come.
• Must → Had to
  "I must go." → He said he had to go.

Zamir ve Zaman İfadesi Değişiklikleri

Zamir Değişiklikleri

• I → he/she
• you → I/me/he/she/they (bağlama göre)
• we → they
• my → his/her
• our → their

Zaman ve Yer İfadesi Değişiklikleri

• today → that day
• yesterday → the day before / the previous day
• tomorrow → the next day / the following day
• now → then / at that moment
• here → there
• this → that
• ago → before / earlier

Soru Cümlelerinde Reported Speech

Yes/No Soruları: if/whether kullanılır

• Direct: "Do you like pizza?" → Reported: He asked me if/whether I liked pizza.
• Direct: "Are you coming?" → Reported: She asked if I was coming.
• Direct: "Can you help me?" → Reported: He asked if I could help him.

Wh- Soruları: Soru kelimesi korunur

• Direct: "Where do you live?" → Reported: She asked me where I lived.
• Direct: "What time is it?" → Reported: He asked what time it was.
• Direct: "Why are you crying?" → Reported: She asked me why I was crying.

Önemli: Reported questions'da soru yapısı kullanılmaz (do/does/did gelmez, kelime sırası düz cümle gibidir).

Emir ve Rica Cümlelerinde Reported Speech

Yapı: told/asked/ordered + someone + to + fiil

• Direct: "Sit down!" → Reported: The teacher told us to sit down.
• Direct: "Don't touch that!" → Reported: She told me not to touch that.
• Direct: "Please help me." → Reported: He asked me to help him.

Say vs. Tell Farkı

• Say: Kime söylendiği belirtilmez veya "to" ile belirtilir.
  She said (that) she was happy.
  She said to me (that) she was happy.
• Tell: Kime söylendiği doğrudan belirtilir.
  She told me (that) she was happy.

Sık Yapılan Hatalar

• Hata: He asked me did I like pizza. → Doğru: He asked me if I liked pizza.
• Hata: She said me that... → Doğru: She told me that... / She said that...
• Hata: He told that he was tired. → Doğru: He said that he was tired.

Reported Speech, günlük iletişimde sıkça kullandığımız bir yapıdır. Zaman kayması kurallarını iyi öğrenmek ve pratik yapmak bu konuyu kolaylaştıracaktır.